When you visit a website or interact with web applications, your browser communicates with remote servers to fetch various resources such as HTML documents, images, scripts, stylesheets, and data. These communications between your browser and the server are known as network requests.
HTTP Requests: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It defines a set of methods indicating the action to be performed for a given resource. Common HTTP methods include:
XHR (XMLHttpRequest): This is an older method used in JavaScript to send HTTP or HTTPS requests to a web server and load the server response data directly into the web page.
Fetch API: A newer and more powerful alternative to XHR, the Fetch API provides a more flexible and powerful interface for fetching resources across the network.
Initiation: The request is initiated by the client (browser or application).
DNS Lookup: The client resolves the domain name to an IP address using the Domain Name System (DNS).
Connection Establishment: The client establishes a TCP connection with the server (if not already open).
Request Sent: The client sends the HTTP request to the server, including necessary headers and optionally a request body.
Server Processing: The server processes the request, performs any necessary computations, accesses databases, or interacts with other services.
Response Generation: The server generates an HTTP response, including status codes, headers, and optionally a response body.
Data Transfer: The server sends the response data back to the client over the established TCP connection.
Client Processing: The client receives the response, processes the data (e.g., rendering HTML, executing JavaScript), and updates the user interface accordingly.
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