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Git commands

Git Commands: Beginners Guide

Git is a distributed version control system used to track changes in code and collaborate with others on software development projects. It allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously, managing changes, merging code, and tracking each others progress overtime. Git is commonly used with services like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket to host repositories and manage projects collaboratively.

To use Git efficiently and effectively, one needs Git commands to work on the tool. Git commands are instructions you use to interact with the Git version control system. They enable you to manage your codebase, track changes, collaborate with others, and control the workflow of your development process. These commands are executed through a terminal or command-line interface (CLI).

Categories of Git Commands:

Here are some common Git commands and their purposes:                                                                                      

1. Basic Commands                                                                             
  • git init: command is used to add a new Git repository in the current directory.
  • git cloneCreates a local working copy of an existing remote repository.
  • git status: Shows the current state of the working directory and staging area, indicating changes that are staged or untracked.
  • git add : Adds a file (or files) to the staging area, preparing them for a commit.
  • git commit -m "message": Commits the changes in the local repository with a descriptive message to describe to everyone and help them understand the changes made.

2. Branching and Merging
  • git branch: Is used to list all branches in the current repository. The active branch is highlighted.
  • git checkout Switches branches whenever the work is to be started in a different branch.
  • git mergeCommand is used to merge changes from one branch to another.
3. Pushing and Pulling
  • git pull: Fetches changes from a remote repository and merges them into the local repository.
  • git push: Pushes your committed changes form the local repository to the remote repository.
4. History and Tracking
  • git log: Command displays the order of the commit history for the repository.
  • git diff: Is used to show the differences between files in the working directory and the latest commit.
  • git blame : Displays line-by-line changes to a file, showing who made each change.

5. Undoing Changes
  • git reset : Command removes a file from the staging area, but keeps changes in the working directory.
  • git revert : Creates a new commit that reverses the specified commit.
  • git checkout -- : Reverts changes to a file, restoring it to the last committed state.
6. Stashing Changes
  • git stash: Command temporarily saves changes that are not yet ready to be committed.
  • git stash pop: Command allows you to apply the stashed changes back to the working directory.
7. Remote Repositories
  • git remoteCommand creates, views and delete any connections to other repositories.
  • git remote add origin : Adds a remote repository as the origin.
  • git fetch: Command downloads objects and references from a remote repository without merging.

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, mastering Git commands is an essential skill for developers working in any collaborative coding environment. From basic commands to more complex ones,  Git provides a powerful and flexible toolset for version control. Understanding how to commit changes, create branches, and merge code ensures that you can manage your project’s history efficiently and collaborate seamlessly with others.

As you become more comfortable with Git, you'll realize its immense value in tracking project changes, maintaining code quality, and avoiding conflicts. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, continually exploring and practicing Git commands will help you improve your workflow, allowing you to build and push better software. So, keep experimenting, and don’t be afraid to dig deeper into more complex Git operations—it’s a skill that will pay off in every development project you undertake.

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